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EU · Year 3 · ECHR & Council of Europe

Strasbourg Landmarks

The European Court of Human Rights.

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  1. 1.Golder v UK (1975) — held?

    Article 6(1) includes a right of access to a court.

    (1975) Series A no 18

  2. 2.Handyside v UK (1976) — principles?

    States have a margin of appreciation; freedom of expression covers ideas that "offend, shock or disturb".

    (1976) Series A no 24

  3. 3.Tyrer v UK (1978) — principle?

    The Convention is a "living instrument" interpreted in light of present-day conditions; judicial birching on the Isle of Man was degrading punishment under Article 3.

    (1978) Series A no 26

  4. 4.Dudgeon v UK (1981) — held?

    Criminalising consensual homosexual acts between adult men in Northern Ireland violated Article 8.

    (1981) Series A no 45

  5. 5.Soering v UK (1989) — held?

    Extraditing the applicant to face the "death row phenomenon" in Virginia would violate Article 3.

    (1989) Series A no 161

  6. 6.Hirst v UK (No 2) (2005) — held?

    A blanket ban on convicted prisoners voting violated Article 3 of Protocol No 1.

    App no 74025/01 (GC)

  7. 7.Bosphorus v Ireland (2005) — principle?

    A presumption that a State complies with the Convention when it applies EU law, because the EU provides equivalent protection; the presumption can be rebutted if protection is manifestly deficient.

    App no 45036/98 (GC)

  8. 8.Al-Skeini v UK (2011) — held?

    The UK exercised jurisdiction under Article 1 over civilians killed by British soldiers in Basra through its authority and control.

    App no 55721/07 (GC)

  9. 9.Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz v Switzerland (2024) — held?

    Switzerland's failure to adopt adequate climate measures violated Article 8 (and Article 6 for the association).

    App no 53600/20 (GC), 9 April 2024

  10. 10.Admissibility time limit under Article 35(1)?

    Four months from the final domestic decision (reduced from six by Protocol No 15, effective 1 February 2022).

    ECHR Art 35(1); Protocol No 15

  11. 11.Which protocol created the single, full-time European Court of Human Rights?

    Protocol No 11, in force on 1 November 1998.

    Protocol No 11

  12. 12.When did Russia cease to be a member of the Council of Europe?

    It was expelled on 16 March 2022.

    Committee of Ministers Resolution CM/Res(2022)2